Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is more than a “blood sugar” disease. It is a combination of insulin resistance, beta cell dysfunction, and inflammation. It is now commonly accepted that T2D is an innate immune system mediated inflammatory disease. Symptoms of marked hyperglycemia include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, sometimes with polyphagia, and blurred vision. Diabetes also classified into special types along with the major two types I and II diabetes. Insulin resistance is said to be present when the biological effects of insulin are less than expected for both glucose disposal in skeletal muscle and suppression of endogenous glucose production primarily in the liver. β-Cell dysfunction is initially characterized by impairment in the first phase of insulin secretion during glucose stimulation and may antedate the onset of glucose intolerance in type 2 diabetes.
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